By Kamal Shah
It is not easy to get a one-on-one with a newly minted 4-star Service chief. But Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh was generous enough to share a three-dimensional bird’s eye view of the Air Force under his command and the futuristic course being charted in terms of aircraft and firepower. During his tenure, we can expect more gravel in the gut, an upgrade in missile technology, heightened roles for UAVs, and a stronger, more diverse fleet making Indian air superiority much more of a reality in the region.
By the same token, the accent is also on creating a cadre of professional leaders and officers to create a posse of strategic thinkers capable of providing complex solutions.
Q. In today’s complex security landscape, we face multifaceted challenges, from border disputes to cyber threats. How the concept of the scholar-warrior is increasingly vital in this current scenario?
A. Today’s security landscape is not only complex but also volatile and unpredictable. Amid such unpredictability, IAF requires leaders who can produce thoroughly analyzed cogent ideas for formulating warfare strategy. This is driving IAF’s push towards developing a repository of officers who are scholar warriors and strategic thinkers. We are looking at building a pool of future leaders who can exploit their knowledge and critical thinking skills, gained through programs such as WASP, to produce solutions to complex multifaceted strategic and security issues faced by the nation.
Q. As geopolitical tensions continue to influence national security paradigms, India has placed significant emphasis on bolstering its air defence capabilities. The Indian Air Force (IAF) is poised to test the new Surface-to-Air Missile for Assured Retaliation (SAMAR 2), a crucial addition to the country’s strategic arsenal. What is the roadmap for testing the SAMAR 2 & how will it enhance India’s air defence capabilities?
A. The developmental firing of SAMAR-II is being planned shortly. As and when the same is achieved, we will inform you all. Successful induction of SAMAR-ll will ensure optimum utilization of shelf-life expired air-to-air armament.
Q. The three-layered long-range surface-to-air missile (LRSAM) defence system will help India to be part of an elite group of militaries with indigenous capabilities to shoot down enemy assets in the air from such ranges. Could you please provide an update on the current stage of development of the LRSAM defence system? Additionally, we would appreciate insights on how it compares to the Russian S-400 regarding capabilities.
A. Development of Indigenous LRSAM will significantly boost the Nation’s air defence capabilities. Presently the project is in the D&D stage. Once it matures, we will be conveying it to the media. Regarding, it is comparison with the S-400 all that can be said is that the system will be state of the art and would measure up to the existing system.
Q. Looking ahead to the next five to ten years, do you foresee a growing necessity for integrating IDDM MALE UAV into IAF’s operational strategy, especially considering that some nascent indigenous UAVs are still in the development phase and not yet combat-worthy as competitors to establish global players? Or would it be prudent to focus on enhancing our foreign-manufactured HALE/MALE inventory and other short-term technologies to address the immediate security challenges, as both searcher and herons have been in service for 2 decades without an upgrade?
A. There is no denying the fact that IDDM RPAs should be integrated into Op-strategy. However, given the current indigenous capabilities, there is a need to procure systems by DAP-2020 to address the immediate security challenges. Notwithstanding, IAF is pursuing procurement of HALE and MALE RPAs as well as supporting indigenous development of MALE RPAs.
Q. Considering the evolving nature of warfare, the impact of unmanned systems in all domains and the push towards transforming the Air Force into an integrated Air and Space Force, how do you envision prioritizing these capabilities to effectively address both current and future security challenges?
A. Unmanned systems were inducted into the IAF in the early 21st century. Since then, IAF has devised several concepts and operational philosophies for utilizing these unmanned platforms. Recent conflicts have shown that the importance of unmanned systems cannot be over-emphasized. In fact, IAF has taken the initiative to modernize its unmanned system fleet and is spearheading the mechanism for local industry outreach (with Mehar Baba competition being an example). With evolving warfighting methodology and advancements in spectrum utilization, IAF has taken steps to infuse new capabilities into its unmanned systems. We are investing in ALUAV, Swarm Drones, Tactical UAVs etc for the future, keeping pace with the developing technologies. Hence it is clear that IAF has prioritised and already amalgamated the future requirements along with up-gradation of the existing fleet of unmanned systems to keep up with the ever-changing modern-day warfare.
Q. During IAF Exercise Tarang Shakti, the LCA Tejas received positive feedback from European air forces. What has been the response from Western Air Force leaders regarding our indigenous defence industry as we position ourselves as a compatible market?
A. During all exercises as well as air shows, Tejas has received good reviews and appreciation. During Ex-Tarang Shakti also, the performance of Tejas was well appreciated. IAF had arranged two expositions to project the Indian industries to the foreign participants. The general response has been good. Now it is for our industry to take it forward. Before anything, however, issues of low production rates and a model for assured performance have to be sorted out by then to attract foreign countries.
Earlier while speaking to the press the Chief of Air Staff Air Marshal AP Singh emphasized that enhancing indigenous capabilities through modernization, infrastructure development, and focused training initiatives is crucial for maintaining operational readiness and self-reliance in defense. The Indian Air Force (IAF) is strategically focusing on enhancing its indigenous capabilities to foster self-reliance in defense. This multifaceted approach includes the induction of new aircraft, increased production rates, and the development of critical infrastructure, all aimed at improving operational readiness in the face of potential conflicts. Recognizing the importance of air power in modern warfare, the IAF is committed to adapting its strategies to evolve against emerging threats and ensure the safeguarding of national interests.
A fundamental component of this strategy is the modernization of its fleet, particularly with the planned introduction of a new medium transport aircraft to replace aging assets. By emphasizing the acquisition of versatile aircraft in the 18 to 30-ton class, the IAF enhances its logistical support capabilities, which are crucial for sustained military operations. Furthermore, upgrading existing airfields and constructing new ones in conflict-prone areas is pivotal to maintaining operational capabilities and readiness.
Enhancing indigenous manufacturing is also essential for advancing the IAF’s self-reliance goals. Projects such as the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) and various missile systems are prioritized, solidifying the foundation for future advancements in aircraft and weapon technology. An investment in domestic jet engine production is particularly significant, as it will improve aircraft serviceability and reduce dependence on foreign suppliers for critical components. This localized production not only mitigates supply chain risks but also ensures immediate response capabilities during conflict.
Training and development of personnel remain central to the IAF’s operational success. Initiatives like the Agniveer program underscore the Air Force’s commitment to inclusivity and modernization, particularly in recruiting and empowering young personnel, including women. Realistic training environments are prioritized to build confidence and ensure readiness for combat situations. The IAF’s involvement in joint exercises with foreign allies, such as Tarang Shakti, enhances operational capabilities and strengthens international military relations, fostering a collaborative spirit in addressing global security challenges.
In addition to its operational readiness, the IAF has actively engaged in humanitarian efforts during natural disasters, demonstrating its commitment to supporting civil authorities in times of crisis. This dual focus on military capability and humanitarian service reinforces the IAF’s role as a vital component of national resilience.
Talking about the strategic landscape of Eastern Ladakh & India’s responsive measures he emphasized that the strategic situation in Eastern Ladakh presents a complex and evolving security environment, characterized by rapid infrastructure development on the Chinese side. In response, India is vigorously upgrading its airfields and enhancing operational capabilities to secure its territorial integrity. This robust response comes against the backdrop of concerns regarding India’s depleting fighter fleet, which has prompted the government to initiate the Multi-Role Fighter Aircraft (MRFA) project. A critical aspect of this initiative is the emphasis on indigenization, necessitating the selection of a suitable Indian partner for aircraft production, thereby boosting domestic manufacturing capacity.
Given the contemporary nature of warfare, India is compelled to adapt to non-conventional threats by enhancing its drone capabilities and developing sophisticated counter-drone systems. Alongside these technological advancements, focus areas such as cybersecurity and information warfare are gaining paramount importance. The urgency of addressing India’s existing fighter assets is underscored by delays in acquiring new aircraft. This situation necessitates the effective utilization of current resources and the immediate readiness of its forces for combat scenarios.
To meet operational demands, India aims to increase its aircraft production capacity to 24 units per year. Achieving this goal requires significant involvement from the private sector to ensure a more efficient and diverse manufacturing process, reducing the over-reliance on single government entities. Additionally, lessons learned from previous aircraft production delays must inform future strategies to enhance efficiency and streamline operations.
There is a pressing need for a new medium transport aircraft, produced domestically, to replace aging fleets and secure future capabilities. This requirement aligns with a broader strategic intent to integrate space-based systems into military operations, reflecting a shift towards a versatile air and space force. The establishment of a common aircraft requirement in the 18 to 30-ton class, supported by a Request for Proposal (RFP), aims to strengthen logistical capabilities and enhance operational readiness.
The operationalization of the S400 missile system marks a significant enhancement of India’s defense capabilities, with three units already delivered and two more expected. Despite geopolitical challenges leading to delays, this advancement bolsters India’s strategic deterrence posture.
As India navigates the strategic complexities of the Eastern Ladakh region, its proactive measures in infrastructure development, military modernization, and emphasis on indigenous production reflect a comprehensive strategy aimed at safeguarding national security and strengthening its defense posture. The focus on collaboration with the private sector and enhancing training for military personnel further solidifies India’s commitment to becoming a self-sufficient, resilient military power capable of meeting contemporary challenges.
The current status and plans for India’s Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEWC) capabilities also warrant attention. With an aging fleet comprising three Embraer-based aircraft, plans to procure an additional six Mark 1A units are underway, focused on minimal risk and enhanced output. Ongoing negotiations for the AEWC Mark 2, based on Airbus technology, reflect an intention to modernize this crucial aerial surveillance capability. Ensuring timely deliveries from Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is vital to avoid potential delays in defense procurement and maintain operational momentum.
India’s growing confidence in addressing military challenges, particularly from China, is rooted in its advancements in indigenous capabilities. This commitment to self-reliance is paramount for national defense and strategic autonomy, emphasizing the importance of developing indigenous systems to reduce dependence on foreign technology. Training and exposure of Indian forces remain critical, with assertions that they possess superior training and experience compared to their counterparts, enhancing overall operational effectiveness.
The Chief of Air Staff also very minutely discussed the complexities of leadership and operational challenges in organizations. He said that the intricacies of leadership and operational challenges in organizations, particularly within military contexts such as the Air Force, underscore the necessity for effective coordination and communication. The myriad issues faced by these organizations are often compounded by external perspectives that lack a comprehensive understanding of the situation. This disconnect can hinder the resolution of genuine problems that require nuanced solutions.
Effective leadership plays a pivotal role in navigating these challenges. In military settings, where precision and discipline are paramount, strong leaders are essential for fostering collaboration among diverse teams, especially during joint operations with industrial partners. The strategic positioning of senior personnel ensures that communication channels remain open and that information flows seamlessly across the hierarchy. This alignment can facilitate quicker decision-making and more agile responses to emerging challenges.
Project management teams emerge as a critical element in this framework. Their role in identifying issues and maintaining regular interactions is vital to enhancing operational efficiency. By serving as a bridge for communication between various stakeholders, these teams can mitigate misunderstandings and align objectives. Their expertise in coordination and problem-solving can lead to more effective operational outcomes, thereby reinforcing the organization’s overall mission.
However, acknowledging personal limitations is crucial for effective organizational leadership. The speaker’s recognition of a lack of expertise in business and industrial practices highlights the importance of specialized knowledge in management. This limitation necessitates an organizational culture that values continuous learning and collaboration among experts from diverse fields. By fostering such an environment, organizations can better equip themselves to tackle the multifaceted challenges that arise in both military and industrial collaborations. Thus, the interplay of strong leadership, effective communication, and specialized knowledge forms the backbone of successful organizational operations.
